Clinical Pilates in Practice: Locomotion & Dynamic Posture (June 2022)

This review article explains the networks that the trunk in vertebrates with limbs, and also how the central nervous system acts dynamically on the musculoskeletal system.

 

Guillaud E, et al. Locomotion and dynamic posture: neuro-evolutionary basis of bipedal gait. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology (2020),  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2020.10.012

 

KEY POINTS: LOCOMOTION & DYNAMIC POSTURE

  • Dynamic control of gait is supported by:
    • Locomotor activity that is produced by specialized rhythmogenic spinal circuits called central pattern generators (CPGs), and which cyclically drive axial and leg muscle activity (p.8)
    • Posture control systems which involve long spinal/supraspinal loops, and the integration of various sensory inputs (e.g. proprioceptive, visual and vestibular) at various supraspinal levels resulting in long latency responses (p.8).

  • Dynamic balance in limbed vertebrates requires proper coordination of all...
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Clinical Pilates in Practice: Joint Impairment & Gait in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (July 2020)

 

Researchers used a musculoskeletal model to predict joint contact forces and investigate the variations of joint contact forces due to joint impairment in 18 juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients.

 

Erica Montefiori et al. Linking Joint Impairment and Gait Biomechanics in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2019; 47(11): 2155-2167

 

KEY POINTS: JOINT IMPAIRMENT & GAIT BIOMECHANICS IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS

  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the commonest rheumatic condition in childhood, although the etiology remains unknown.
  • JIA encompasses several subgroups but most generally presents as peripheral arthritis.
    • Clinical presentation includes fever, joint swelling and pain, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, cardiac involvement, splenomegaly, and skin rashes.
  • Medical imaging of JIA:
    • Ultrasound is used to assess joint synovial and tendon inflammation.
    • MRI helps with...
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Clinical Pilates in Practice: Biomechanics of Functional Tasks (May 2020)

 

This small study of healthy volunteers explored differences in the coronal biomechanics of the trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee joints, as well as gluteus medius muscle activity during walking and step down tasks.

 

Komsak Sinsurin, Raul Valldecabres & Jim Richards (2020) An exploration of the differences in hip strength, gluteus medius activity, and trunk, pelvis, and lower-limb biomechanics during different functional tasks, International Biomechanics, 7:1, 35-43, DOI: 10.1080/23335432.2020.1728381

 

KEY POINTS: BIOMECHANICS OF FUNCTIONAL TASKS

  • Functional impairment of glute med can lead to excessive lateral trunk bending, which is often observed in people with knee problems.
  • During gait, the following was observed:
    • Increased contralateral pelvic drop and pelvic obliquity excursion, compared to step-down tasks.
    • Increased lateral bending versus step-down tasks.
    • Significantly greater knee adduction, compared to step-down tasks.
    • Peak hip...
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