The authors of this article reviewed data from animals and genetic studies highlighting the importance of Type 17 immune responses. The article comprehensively discusses the multifactorial pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis.

Aniruddha V. and Paul B. New developments in our understanding of ankylosing spondylitis pathogenesis. 2020. Immunology, 161, 94–102.

KEY POINTS: ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS PATHOGENESIS

• Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune inflammatory arthritis that is part of a larger class of spondyloarthropathies.
• Complications of AS include iritis, an increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and a high risk of spinal compression fractures.
• Physiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for AS along with pain management with analgesia and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

• The risk of siblings or first-degree relatives of AS patients having AS is higher than that of the general population, and there is a high...

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Brachial Plexus Injury After Shoulder Dislocation: A Literature Review

Olga G et al. Brachial Plexus Injury After Shoulder Dislocation: a literature review. Neurosurgical Review (2020) 43:407–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-018-1001-x

This literature review examined the neurological implications of shoulder dislocation. The authors analyzed the implications of brachial plexus injury, the incidence of neurological injuries in patients with shoulder dislocation, and proposed the algorithm for management.

Key Points

• Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation has an incidence estimated of 2% across the population.
• 4-55% incidence of neurological complications after dislocations is reported in the literature.
• Neurological...